|


BY
KURT HANSON
After three consecutive
years of crises, it is delightfully refreshing to be in a year
in which prospects for Internet radio seem to be on the upswing.
Back in the year 2000, you'll recall, the nascent Internet radio
industry suffered major setbacks as the "dotcom
boom" crashed eventually bringing down half
or more of the major players in the field at the time. (Remember
iCast? WWW.com? eYada?)
Then, in 2001, we had the "AFTRA
crisis," in which advertising agencies demanded
that Internet radio stations quit playing spots voiced by union
talent driving hundreds, if not thousands, of terrestrial
radio simulcasts off of the web (some temporarily, many permanently).
That was followed the same year by the 9/11 terrorist attacks
which, among other effects, triggered the worst advertising
recession since World War II. (That effectively eliminated
any interest, for a time, among agencies in experimenting with new
media opportunities.)
Then, in 2002, we had the "CARP
crisis," in which a trio of Copyright Office-appointed
arbitrators set a royalty rate for the industry (based on terms
initially formulated by precisely one "willing buyer,"
Broadcast.com's Mark Cuban)
designed (by Cuban) to reduce competition by making it difficult
or impossible for smaller competitors to survive.
In short, the period 2000 through 2002 was a tough three
years.
Consumer acceptance
continues to grow;
advertiser interest is getting closer
Throughout this entire
period, however, consumers
have continued to embrace Internet radio, and the audience for this
new medium continues to grow at 50-100%
per year. (In fact, our own intern-programmed AccuRadio
project is growing at a 100% increase in audience size every
seven weeks!)
Internet radio's weekly cume can now be measured in tens
of millions of people, with its midday AQH on the way
to approaching a million simultaneous listeners
before too long.
As such, advertisers are starting to show tentative signs
of interest and thus we may be on the brink of a breakthough!
Maximize your business opportunities!
To help you maximize your business opportunities in the hopefully
healthier new world that's on the horizon, today we're presenting
our quarterly "RAIN Vendor Guide"
issue a guide to products
and services for broadcasters
and webcasters that can help you reduce
your expenses and increase your
revenues in 2003 and beyond.
You'll find companies in this guide that will help you increase
your audience size, expand your operations, improve efficiencies,
cut costs, and grow your revenues.
We hope you'll spend some time today, and perhaps this weekend,
exploring this guide in detail and then contacting a couple
of the firms on the list to take advantage of their offerings. On
behalf of all of the participating firms,
thanks for your attention!
Note:
If you're a vendor
and
would like to have a listing in this guide, which will be available
in RAIN every day all year long, it's not too late: Please
call us at 1-312-527-3879 or e-mail us here
and we'll add your company's listing within minutes. (For rate
information on this and other marketing opportunities in
RAIN, click here.)
| Ad
insertion TOP |
| In
the long run, revenues from audio ads are probably going
to be a key to most webcasters' business success. These
vendors offer the technologies (and in some cases sales forces)
that will let you play different spots targeted to different
listeners. |
 |
Lightningcast
Major media companies have chosen Lightningcast's
technology for scheduling and reporting capabilities that
replicate those of traditional broadcast. Delivering relevant
advertising content and revenue to the Internet broadcast
world. Contact: Chuck
Dickemann at 703-535-5806 x.231 or email chuck@lightningcast.com. |
 |
RCS
SplitStream
Make Targeted ad insertion sound just like
terrestrial radio with smooth segues, no delays, no clipping,
no buffering. Available with RCS RadioShow. Contact:
Richard Darr, info@rcsworks.com
or call 914-428-4600 ext. 148. |
|
| Automation
systems TOP
|
| It will be
the rare webcaster in 2003 who hires employees 24 hours
a day to sit in a studio and play CDs, opening the mic once
every ten minutes and smoking while the songs are playing. Good
automation systems allow you to produce 24 hours of live-sounding
programming in a fraction of the time -- and with better quality
control. |
 |
Backbone
Radio
Fully integrated, automated
live Internet radio station production and streaming software.
MPEG-4 based, easy to use. Includes logging & reporting,
image & text annotation, standard rotation. Also CentralCasting
application to replace satellite affiliate feeds. Contact:
info@backbone.com. |
 |
RCS
Master Control XV and Internet
Voice Tracking
Selector®-Smart integration provides "Living
Log" real-time log editing from anywhere, Hot Keys®,
and linking from ANY log item to ANY web site for instant
show prep. Contact:
Richard Darr, info@rcsworks.com,
or call 914-428-4600 ext. 148. |
|
| Conferences
TOP |
| Two of the
key success factors in any business are expanding your knowledge
base and expanding your network of contacts and relationships.
Attending industry conferences is a great way to do both. |
 |
Bayliss
Radio Roast (18th Annual)
The Directors of The John Bayliss Broadcast Foundation
request the pleasure of your company at the 18th Annual
Bayliss Radio Roast, March 11, 2004. The Pierre Hotel
Fifth Avenue at 61st Street New York City. Black Tie.
RSVP by February 27, 2004. Contact:
Kit
Hunter Franke at 831-655-5229. |
|
NAB
2004
The NAB spring convention
delivers the most comprehensive showcase of electronic
media in the world. Click here
for the latest on the upcoming show, to be held April
19-22, 2004, in Las Vegas, NV. |
 |
NAB
European Radio Conference
The NAB European Radio Conference
will bring together radio broadcasters from around the
world in London for an in depth look at hot radio issues
and techniques and a chance to interact with international
colleagues. October
19-21, 2003. Contact:
Mark Rebholz
at 202-429-3191. |
 |
NAB
Radio Show
The NAB Radio Show puts
you where you need to be on the leading edge. The
largest show focused exclusively on Radio delivers expertise
and technology you cant afford to miss. October
1-3, 2003, Philadelphia, PA. |
|
| Consultants
TOP |
| Broadcast radio learned
many years ago the value of bringing in outside expertise.
Consultants can often add great value, both thanks to the experience
they bring to the table and because of the unbiased (and national
or even global) perspective they can bring to your situation.
|
 |
BRS
Media
BRS Media Inc. assists radio
in building and branding on the Net. Online divisions
include dotFM, dotAM, & dotzCD domain registrar of
.FM, .AM, & .CD (TLD) domains. WEBCASTi AM/FM, providing
the best webcasting solution and My Radio.FM, a ".FM
Radio Station" service, and the ever-popular Web-Radio
portal. |
 |
First
MediaWorks
We are the broadcast industry's
dominant provider of Internet marketing products,
training and consulting, serving more than 1600 stations
on five continents. We help radio stations meet ratings
and revenue goals. |
 |
Hanson
Consulting
Offering a fresh, unbiased
perspective on your business plans for 2003 and beyond.
Strategy and tactics for broadcasters and webcasters worldwide.
Contact: Kurt
Hanson or call 312-527-3879 (office) or 773-354-KURT
(cell). |
|
|
SBR
Creative Media
SBR Creative Media specializes
in advising radio stations throughout North America in
Triple A/Adult Rock, Alternative, Modern AC and Classic
Rock formats. We're also the folks behind Custom Channels
Side Channels for Radio. If you're ready for a fresh perspective
and creative ideas to improve your programming, station
brand, website and marketing, contact
Dave Rahn
at 303-444-7700. |
 |
Zapoleon
Media Strategies
Total brand management for your terrestrial or
Internet-only station including product, marketing,
talent, research and more. Zapoleon Media Strategies has
won Billboard Consultant
of the Year awards for the past 8 straight
years! Contact: Mark
St. John at 281-980-3665. |
|
| Content
providers TOP |
| Consistently updating
site content is the best way to insure repeat visits from
your customers. Various content providers offer material that
keeps your website vibrant and fresh -- from news and sports
updates to traffic and weather info, plus features relevent
to your listeners' lifestyles. |
|
|
AP
CustomWIRE
CustomWIRE is a continually updated multimedia
news service that replicates the design, structure and
branding of your Web site. Its a turnkey solution
for member stations that want to retain the look and feel
of their own site, but also want AP to handle the selection,
presentation and updating of online content.
Contact: Thom
Callahan, General Manager/AP Radio at 202-736-1105 |
 |
RadioWebStuff
Content drives traffic!
It's more true today than ever. We offer radio stations,
networks and portals daily music news, artist features,
album reviews and movie reviews that are relevant, highly
targeted and format specific. Contact:
Call John Duncan at (661) 253-9750. |
 |
Sony
Music
Offers promotional features
to enliven your radio station's website! Contact
your Sony Music promo rep. (For New Media, Brian
Cullinan at 212-833-4420.) |
|
| Custom
Internet-only channels TOP |
| Internet-only
"side channels" give broadcasters a chance to
extend their brands, protect their flanks, and satisfy consumer
desires. Branded radio channels (e.g., B&N Radio or Coca-Cola
Radio) can help extend site visits, encourage repeat visits,
and serve as amazingly long-form commercials. |
|
|
AP
All News Radio
AP All News Radio (ANR) is the only live, 24-hour
news and information format designed and produced by radio
news professionals. ANR is also the source of programming
for AP's Streaming Audio services, which provide 24-hour
audio content for your Web site. For an example, see Washington's
WTOP2. Contact:
Thom Callahan,
General Manager/AP Radio at 202-736-1105 |
|
|
RCS
iSelector Personal Online Player
FREE promotion and research tool "iSelector"
Personal Online Player provides each listener with a different
stream of your station's music, promos and jingles. They
interact with the player to hear songs MORE, LESS or REST
as desired. You see the results. Fully licensed. Contact:
Richard Darr, info@rcsworks.com
or call 914-428-4600 ext. 148. |
 |
SBR
Custom Channels
Since 1999, SBR Custom
Channels has been a pioneer in bringing Radio a unique
tool to generate revenue and superserve listeners: fully
custom branded, Internet-only
Side Channels. We're the Holiday
Music Channel experts for stations of every
format. Now is the time to plan for the perfect
fourth-quarter programming and sales NTR solution. Easy.
Inexpensive. Fully-customized to your station and market.
Learn more about streaming Side Channels for Radio --
Contact: Dave
Rahn at 303-444-7700. |
|
| Domain
name registrars TOP |
| Make it easy for
your listeners to remember where to find you! Having an easy-to-remember
domain name is a critical component for a plan to succeed on
the Internet -- and top-level domains other than ".com"
may offer the best approach for you. |
 |
Dot
FM
dotFM registers domain names
that end in .fm. dotFM is the Premium Multimedia
Domain Name for today's Interactive Web. Get a Great Sounding
Web Address @ www.dot.fm.
|
|
| E-mail
marketing TOP |
| Twenty years ago,
it would have been the Holy Grail of most radio station GMs
and PDs to know the names, addresses, and phone numbers of their
listeners. What a dream! But today, that dream of knowing who
your listeners are and being able to communicate with them on
a regular basis is, thanks to the Internet, a realistic possibility,
and the most valuable marketing resource you may have is your
database of listener e-mail addresses -- if you use that resource
properly! |
 |
FMW
eListenerSuite
eListenerSuite gives
you the tactical advantage you need to ensure you've
effectively reinforced your brand and the perception of
extensive Time Spent Listening. |
 |
RadioWebStuff
eMail is proving to be
one of the most effective means of building a one-to-one
relationship with your listeners. We can design and implement
an effective eMail marketing campaign that will provide
real ROI. Contact:
Call John Duncan at (661) 253-9750. |
|
| Loyalty
programs TOP |
| Radio stations have learned
that one of the most profitable applications of their Internet
effort is a sophisticated loyalty program, not unlike the "frequent
flyer" programs offered by airlines. Well-executed loyalty
programs increase both website traffic and station listenership
-- and can include elements that bring in additional revenue
to the station (e.g., prize and sponsorship slots can be sold
to advertisers). |
 |
FMW
eListenerSuite
Great radio stations understand
that their website is a doorway through which they can
reach out to their most important listeners, those already
highly engaged with the station the P1 listeners
contributing the most Time Spent Listening. |
|
| Music
and promo scheduling TOP |
| Careful scheduling of
your music (and promotional elements) keeps your station
sounding fresh. Clumsy scheduling (e.g., the same song coming
up at the same time every day, too many sound-alike songs back-to-back,
promos in too fast or too slow a rotation) will lead to listener
dissatisfaction and cost you audience. |
 |
Linker®
XV
Schedule promos, jingles, live elements. Linker
XV looks and works just like Selector®. Affidavits
for sponsored promos, Flight Scheduling for scheduling
promos like traffic systems, based on number of plays.
From RCS Sound Software. Contact:
Richard Darr, info@rcsworks.com
or call 914-428-4600 ext. 148. |
 |
Selector®
XV
Over 5,000 music stations in 79 countries schedule
music with Selector every day. New features: Sound;
round clocks; instant analysis; "Smart Ripper" adds
title, artist, runtime, other coding directly to song
card; Data Exchange shares databases with consultant
or corporate office. Contact:
Richard Darr, info@rcsworks.com
or call 914-428-4600 ext. 148.
|
|
| NTR
revenue opportunities TOP |
| One of the key values
that the Internet offers radio stations is the chance to execute
more and better "Non-Traditional Revenue" opportunities
without overly cluttering the programming. |
 |
FMW
RevenueSuite
RevenueSuite is a family
of easy-to-use turnkey products and services that can
be attached to any website, anywhere, regardless of where
it is hosted. Products are designed to deliver significant
new sources of non-spot revenue. |
|
| Record
labels TOP |
| Where would radio be
without record labels? For that matter, where would artists
be? Record labels fund artist development, and the recording,
marketing, promotion, and distribution of their artists' music.
|
 |
Artemis
Records
Artemis Records is a New York-based independent
record label. In both 2000 and 2001 the label was named
the #1 independent label in the United States by Billboard
magazine based on actual sales. Artists include Boston,
Pretenders, Steve Earle & Susan Tedeschi. Contact:
Adam Spielberger,
212-433-1821. |
 |
Sony
Music
Offers promotional features
to enliven your radio station's website! Contact
your Sony Music promo rep. (For New Media, Brian
Cullinan at 212-833-4420.) |
|
| Rep
firms TOP |
| A national advertiser
can't entertain pitches from thousands of radio stations.
Similarly, a single radio station can't possibly pitch every
possible national advertiser. Thank goodness the radio industry
has developed a single solution to both problems: Rep firms
-- advertising sales forces that represent large groups of radio
stations (e.g., 50 classical stations or 40 Susquehanna stations)
to top advertisers. |
|
|
Interep
Interep is an advertising and marketing company
that is a preeminent leader in the radio industry
the largest independent national spot radio representative,
or "rep" firm in the United States. Interep
provides innovative marketing solutions that help national
and regional advertisers achieve their business goals
with integrated media campaigns utilizing radio, the Internet,
streaming audio, and other media. |
|
| Reporting
tools TOP |
| Royalty collection agents
demand information more detailed than ever about the music you're
playing. Software tools can search your music database on any
number of criteria, and are indispensible for filing accurate,
legal reports. |
 |
Ready-to-use
BMI and ASCAP reports
Selector® XV offers complete reports for
BMI, ASCAP and 38 other companies in 15 countries. Each
report created in conjunction with that country's copyright
organizations. Sample 24 hour BMI and ASCAP logs online.
Contact:
Richard Darr, info@rcsworks.com
or call 914-428-4600 ext. 148. |
|
| Research
and ratings TOP |
| Two issues are involved
here: (1) Due to declining participation rates for telephone-interview-based
consumer research, Internet-based research is almost certainly
the future of research. (2) 2003 is hopefully going to be the
year that advertisers start taking a serious interest in Internet
radio audiences; as such, research about your audience is going
to become critical. |
|
|
| Sales
consulting TOP |
| If you run
an ad-supported business, you won't get far without sales.
Consultants are the experts in this space on how deals are closed,
how ad campaigns are designed for maximum effectiveness, and
how clients are retained. |
|
Streaming
Radio Sales
Internet radio opens
a brand new set of radio
inventory that offers an account executive/radio station/webcaster
the ability to create campaigns that reach the perfect
demographic, with phenomenal reach and frequency. Streaming
is radio over the
Internet. The same rules apply! Capitalize now!
Contact: 321-303-1996
or e-mail: info@streamingradiosales.com
|
|
| Strategic
management advisory TOP |
| Serious business
start-ups will always benefit from serious advice and consultation.
The advice of an experienced third party offers a valuable perspective
that can lead to both revenue increases and better cost control. |
|
|
Sabo
Media
Sabo Media assists top media management to build
compelling content. Sabo Media gives your product and
marketing team a new, fresh, always pragmatic arsenal
of custom ideas. Bottom line: The bottom line improves.
Sabo Media saves you time and money. Contact:
Harry Valentine
at (212) 681-8181. |
|
| Streaming
audio software TOP |
| These services help
you, through innovative technologies, improve the quality of
your stream, or reduce the cost of delivering your content. |
 |
Backbone
Radio
Fully integrated, automated
live Internet radio station production and streaming software.
MPEG-4 based, easy to use. Includes logging & reporting,
image & text annotation, standard rotation. Also CentralCasting
application to replace satellite affiliate feeds. Contact:
info@backbone.com. |
|
| Streaming
providers (Peer-to-peer) TOP |
| With the
resolution of the sound recordings performance royalty issues,
streaming costs become perhaps the largest controllable expense
of most webcasters. Peer-to-peer networks provide a cost-saving
approach in which you stream to a small number of listeners,
whose computers then relay those streams to other listeners. |
 |
AllCast
The AllCast Broadcaster
allows webcasters to deliver live broadcasts to large
audiences without incurring the high costs associated
with current streaming technologies. Contact:
Marc Steathan
or call 646-792-2438. |
 |
ChainCast
Chaincasting is a unique content delivery technology that
improves effectiveness and QoS as user demand increases
- this is the key to true scalability for high-bandwidth,
delay-sensitive Internet applications. Contact:
408-467-4040 or sales@chaincast.com |
|
| Streaming
providers (unicast) TOP |
| "Unicast"
streaming providers have traditionally offered reliable, high-quality
streaming -- and in any event the unicast approach is absolutely
required for any webcaster with a "skip" button or
other personalization features. |
 |
Globix
Globix Streaming Media solutions offer: -- The
speed of our high-capacity backbone and massively scaleable
Content Delivery Network, EarthCache; -- The infrastructure
of our world-class Data Centers, and; -- Our proven experience
with on-site production, webcasting, encoding and diverse
on-demand services. Contact:
streaming@globix.com
or 877-7-GLOBIX. |
 |
Invisible
Hand Networks
Invisible Hand is a service
provider that distributes content across the Internet
in a radically cost-effective manner. Content providers
purchase the bandwidth they need, when they need it, at
a cost that makes sense for their business model. Contact:
John Cahill
at 866-637-5286 |
|
|
Limelight
Networks
Limelight Networks is
a leading provider of outsourced media delivery solutions.
With multiple Edge distribution locations, Limelight Networks
enables broadcasters such as Radio Free Virgin and Musicmatch
to reduce the cost and complexity of delivery while ensuring
unmatched performance. Contact:
David
Rice at 949-330-7671 |
 |
Speedera
Networks
Speedera Networks is the industry's fastest growing
Content Delivery service provider, providing a wide variety
of services including outsourced media delivery. Leading
customers include NPR, SIRIUS, XM Radio, Sony Music and
Fox Broadcasting, who benefit from reduced infrastructure
costs, improved delivery quality and virtually unlimited
scalability. Contact:
sales@speedera.com
or 408-970-1528. |
 |
StreamGuys
Serving over 600 international Internet broadcasting
stations to more than 20,000 concurrent users! StreamGuys
brings the price of netcasting down to earth. Find out
why the smartest broadcasters on the web are using StreamGuys.
Contact: Kiriki
Delany or (707) 826-0938 |
 |
Stream
To You
Stream To You provides
high quality, low-bandwidth archiving, streaming, and
edge serving capabilities using the latest encoding and
compression technologies, ideal for entities of all sizes.
Windows Media, Real, MP3, and Quicktime. It's what
we do. Contact:
sales@airnetgroup.com
or call (423) 664-7678. |
 |
SurferNetwork
Our unique business model
allows you to distribute on-air programming via the
Internet and aggregate the embedded ad inventory to deliver
a synchronized audio/ visual ad package that generates
shared revenue. Contact:
Bill Grywalski
at 973-691-7420. |
 |
WarpRadio
With 30+ years broadcasting
experience combined with Internet level expertise,
WarpRadio.com has rapidly grown into a world-class provider
of streaming audio services for the radio industry, developing
what many broadcasters are calling "the future of
streaming on the Internet." Contact: Denise
Sutton at 303-799-9118. |
|
| Streaming
technologies TOP |
| At this early stage in
the game, there are four main "codecs" (compression
/ decompression schemes) for streaming Internet radio. Either
these choices will eventually consolidate or players will become
more flexible and the choice will become transparent to consumers. |
 |
Windows
Media 9
Microsoft® Windows Media®
is the best platform for encoding, protecting, distributing,
and playing digital music from dial-up rates to rich 7.1
surround sound. WMA has for years led the industry with
the best quality and compression available, as shown by
independent
tests. |
|
| Subscription
service providers TOP |
| As of today,
a national advertising market has really not yet developed
for Internet radio. Several webcasters are filling in the revenue
gap by experimenting with subscription services in which listeners
pay a small hourly or monthly fee for access to high-quality,
commercial-free streams. |
 |
StreamGuys
StreamGuys turnkey subscription services enable
broadcasters to sell streaming content and other digital
assets. StreamGuys will enable you to realize a profit
from the Internet delivery of digital media. StreamGuys
bringing broadcasting to business. Contact:
Kiriki Delany
or (707) 826-0938 |
|
| Technology
consultants TOP |
| If you're a veteran
of broadcast radio making a go of it on the Internet, this technology
may be a whole new confusing world to you. Technology consultants
can guide you through the maze and find the right third-party
systems and solutions to meet your company requirements. |
|
|
Ramp^Rate
We provide a FREE service
simplifying the way your IT services are purchased,
saving you time, effort, and money often up to
75%. The combination of our Service Provider Intelligence
Index (SPY) and our research partnerships help us objectively
identify the right service providers, at the right price,
for you. Contact:
Contact Andy Steuer
at 415-786-5653. |
|
| Trade
associations TOP |
| There's power in numbers.
Trade associations have proven themselves in thousands of industries
to be valuable organizations for advancing the agendas of their
members - for example, with advertisers or in Washington, DC. |
 |
National
Association of Broadcasters (NAB)
When lawmakers on Capitol
Hill want to know the facts about issues facing our
industry, NAB is the first place they come. As one of
the most respected lobbying organizations in the nation,
NAB makes sure key House and Senate members and their
staff members understand our arguments and our industry
as they weigh important policy concerns. |
|
| Voice
talent TOP |
| Professional
voice talent can make a small station sound big, and make
a good station sound great. Thanks to advances in "desktop
editing" and digital audio production, and the connectivity
offered by broadband connections to the Internet, more and more
professional voice talent is working from their home studios,
available to work for you on a fast turnaround and at reasonable
prices.
|
 |
Jay
Beau Jones
History and current stations include: Z-100 New
York, Kiss 108 Boston, Kiss 103.5 Chicago, Kiss 95.7 Hartford,
Hits 96.3 Ft. Wayne, KMMX Lubbock, WSOY Decatur, KTSC
Pueblo, WPRI TV Providence, and WVIT-TV Hartford. Commercial
voice work for: "Six Feet Under: The Soundtrack"
on Universal Records, "Bowling For Columbine." See
JayBeauJones.com
or call 800-867-9532. |
 |
The
Tasty Voice of Melanie Haynes
Radio and TV commercials,
corporate narrations, messages on hold, radio imaging,
TV promos... National clients include: Colgate-Palmolive,
Coca Cola, Ford, Wilson, Exxon, Xerox, Texaco, Minute
Maid, Mary Kay Cosmetics, Kirby Paint, Neiman Marcus,
Conoco, Compaq, United Way, BMC Software, NASA, Halliburton,
Baylor College of Medicine, Rockwell International, Weather
King, BMC Software and more. Visit:
VoiceHunter
or call 800-867-9532. |
 |
Ryan
Chase Voice-over
Station history and current
clients include: Z100 NY,
KRBE, WXRK, KTBZ, 97X Tampa, KHKS Seattle, The Buzz
KC, KDGE Dallas, and more! ISDN, MP3, or CD delivery.
Visit: www.ryanchase.com
or call 800-867-9532. |
 |
The
Production Guys
Offering a vast array of services for Radio Broadcasting,
Corporations and Ad Agencies, we feature some of the top
voice talent in the country! Commercials, Imaging, Voice-Tracking,
Copywriting, Syndicated Radio Programs and more! Visit:
www.TheProductionGuys.com.
|
 |
VoiceHunter.com
Free voice casting: Over 5,000 voices and growing...
VoiceHunter.com casts voices for radio, TV, commercials,
and web radio. VoiceHunter.com has access to the world's
top voice-over talent. Contact:
Adam Goodman
at 800-867-9532. |
|
| Web
design and maintenance TOP< | |