The RIAA has published on its website a short position piece
calling CARP scrutiny "an intense misinformation and
propaganda campaign," with the objective of scaring noncommercial
webcasters into thinking their operations will be shut down by CARP
rates.
Possibly in response to the growing furor of concerned webcasters,
listeners, journalists, and legislators, the essay -- called "The
REAL facts behind the CARP Webcasting CARP: What’s All The Fuss
About?" -- defends the CARP webcasting royalty determination,
and contends that the RIAA supports webcasters and wishes for the
survival of the industry. In fact, the article makes the statement
that the CARP rates will "enable webcasters to thrive."
Probably the most pointed allegation made in the essay is
that the arithmetic shown to support arguments against CARP in various
articles is erroneous. The RIAA
claims the calculations often shown suppose "that every listener
who ever logs into a given noncommercial webcast remains logged
into the site 24 hours per day, 7 days per week, 365 days per year,"
and are therefore faulty. The RIAA also contends that many webcasters
who think CARP will shut them down need only pay the minimum $500
annual fee.
The piece is excerpted below, or read the entire document
here:
From RIAA.org: "In recent weeks, the CARP rates have
become the subject of an intense misinformation and propaganda campaign
(so called 'grassroots' but really ginned up by sophisticated lobbyists
in D.C.) -- waged through the news media, emails to Capitol Hill
and numerous Internet sites. The goal is to scare non-commercial
webcasters – including college radio stations and so-called hobbyists
– and their members of Congress into thinking that the CARP rates
are going to drive noncommercial webcasters out of business...
"Contrary to what has been reported in the news media
and circulated on the Internet, the RIAA and its member companies
want ALL webcasters, large and small, to succeed.
"Unlike terrestrial broadcasters, webcasters – particularly
noncommercial webcasters – provide a much-needed outlet for musical
diversity (i.e., by providing 'airplay' for new artists, artists
with a niche following and artists who play unusual genres of music).
"Webcasting also represents an important and growing
source of revenue for record labels, as well as for artists and
performers.
"The CARP rates will enable webcasters to thrive.
"Contrary to press reports, the evidence strongly suggests
that many of the noncommercial webcasters who think
the CARP rates will put them out of business will actually only
be required to pay the minimum (and minimal) annual fee of $500.
"How could our royalty calculations differ so dramatically
from the claims of webcasters? Noncommercial webcasters (like a
hobbyist) are the targets of a well-orchestrated misinformation
campaign. Most of the fee projections reported in the news media
make the erroneous assumption that every listener who ever logs
into a given noncommercial webcast remains logged into the site
24 hours per day, 7 days per week, 365 days per year. This assumes
that no one ever logs off and listeners only visit that particular
site. While no one can say for sure what the actual listener’s time
is, the notion that they stayed logged on 24 hours a day, 7 days
a week, is preposterous and the subject of gross exaggerations...
"We would welcome the opportunity to negotiate a solution.
"Musicians and artists should not be forced to subsidize
the profit margin of webcasters like MTV, Microsoft, AOL TimeWarner
and others."
... We're not sure (nor does the RIAA demonstrate) how CARP
will actually "enable webcasters to thrive." We do
believe however that it's the RIAA who is trying to use "misinformation"
to obfuscate the facts.
The RIAA's argument here is based upon rates for "noncommercial"
webcasters, or "hobbyists." Yes, it is true that noncommercial
services will pay a lower rate (0.02 cents per performance,
plus 9% for ephemeral charges). But most of the anti-CARP arguments
we've seen plead that the determination will crush the webcasting
business, not "hobbyists."
Certainly there are many webcasters who aren't running ads at
this time -- but that doesn't mean they don't intend to, or
don't hope to develop their service into a profitable
business. The "hobbyist" argument is a
red herring. The webcasters who've become visible in crying
out against CARP, as far as we know, are businesspeople.
Nonetheless, a little math shows that a noncommercial
webcasters would have to have an average audience of less
than 18 people to qualify for the $500 minimum.
Remember, "performances" on which the royalty
rate is based is songs multiplied by listeners. If a webcaster
averages 15 songs per hour, they'll play about 131,400 songs
per year. Multiply that by an average audience size of 18 to
determine the total "performances" for the year --
in this case 2,365,200. Multiply the "performances"
total by the $0.0002 royalty rate (notice we converted to dollars
here), to yield a song royalty rate of $473.04. Add in the 9%
additional ephemeral fee ($42.57) and oops...we're more than
$15 over the $500 minimum fee!
So,
if a "hobbyist" averages 18 or more listeners
over the course of a year, they will pay more than the $500
minimum fee. A quick look to Shoutcast
will show that, yes, "many" "hobbyists"
have less than 18 listeners at any given time. But "many"
in fact have more..."many" more in some cases. Notice
the RIAA did not demonstrate their point with hard numbers.
And, again, the argument for CARP is for the webcasting
businesses. Using the math
above, to be eligible for the $500 minimum webcasting fee, a
commercial webcaster could average no
more than 2.5 listeners!
That's not even to mention the fact that, if the RIAA
has its way, the minimum fee for commercial webcasters will
be raised to $5000!
Another point that should be made concerns the RIAA's
point that the calculations used by those arguing against CARP
assume webcasters royalty estimates are based on "total"
audience sizes, and not "average."
But, the math used in RAIN for these purposes always
assumes an "average." If a webcaster averages
1000 listeners, that in fact may mean the actual number of listeners
at any given moment may be well below or well above that point.
If we say, a Chicago commuter train averages 400 riders,
the RIAA might say, "How can 400 people be riding the train
non-stop? They'd have to get off to eat, work, and use the bathroom!"
One final note: The RIAA, regarding the time spent listening
for audience members, says, "While no
one can say for sure what the actual listener’s time
is..." Really? Won't webcasters be obligated
to produce this information for copyright owners by the terms
of the Copyright Office "Recordkeeping" mandate --
which was by all accounts
developed by following the RIAA's requests?
RAIN readers are encouraged to critique the calculations
above. -- PM
...
... As
for me, I take personal affront to the statement "In recent
weeks, the CARP rates have become the subject of an intense
misinformation and propaganda campaign (so called 'grassroots'
but really ginned up by sophisticated lobbyists in D.C.)."
That's a lie! The SaveInternetRadio.org
campaign reflects the efforts of myself, Paul, and small group
of webcasters including Bill Goldsmith, Dave Landis, Jim & Wanda
Atikinson, Michael Roe, and Kevin Shively (among others).
We have gotten no 'ginning up' from the professional
lobbyists whatsoever. (The only possible exception I know of
is that Lightningcast
has its own fax-your-Congressman campaign running, which I believe
DiMA's Jon Potter
advised on.)
The vast majority of what the RIAA seems to be worried
about, I believe, consists of the press coverage and e-mail-your-Congressman
efforts that come are associated in some way with SaveInternetRadio.org
and are genuinely grass-roots efforts. -- KH ...
Regarding the RIAA's assertion that fee projections assume
that listeners long on 24 hours a day, seven days a week, SomaFM
General Manager and Program Director Rusty Hodge commented:
This is so wrong. Webcasters need to start citing our "Cume"
rather than our concurrent listener numbers. Other
people merely hear "listeners," and assume listeners per month.
RIAA's Steve Marks is really good at twisting what is written
and said.
After I was interviewed about SomaFM in Salon, they got several
letters claiming that my calculations of the costs was an order of
magnitude high. But I sent them back the math and it made sense. Even
one of the writers responded saying that they had no idea that many
people were listening to the station. Except Steve Marks the RIAA
guy, who thinks that even the top rated Internet stations have less
than 100 listeners at a given time. He uses the Measurecast ratings
for figures, which we all know doesn't count any Shoutcast stations.
According tohttp://Shoutcast.com/ttsl.html,
SomaFM's Groove Salad alone has a 133,000 monthly cume. Maybe that's
the number I should be saying when I talk to the press.
I really hate having people missing the words "average
concurrent" from when I say "we have 1700 average concurrent
listeners". They then use their math to say that out of that 1700
listners, if each one listens for half an hours, then that's only
35 average concurrent listeners, and go on to calculate the cost to
the web site that way. That is what the RIAA is doing in the article
above.
Bottom line: it's completely incorrect. They're calling us
a well organized disinformation campaign, but they're the ones with
the wrong information.
[an error occurred while processing this directive]
From CNet News.com: "Internet and digital TV streaming
technology is poised to take center stage at events held during
the National
Association of Broadcasters 2002 conference, which opens
[today] in
Las Vegas.
"The 79th annual conference, which highlights the convergence
of Internet, cable, satellite and traditional broadcasting, will
showcase a variety of emerging technologies for digital set-top
boxes, video on demand, personal video recorders, and Internet audio
and video streaming...
"Highlights of the conference include a new-media opening
keynote speech Monday by Marc Andreessen, co-founder and chairman
of Loudcloud and founder of Netscape Communications. Richard Parsons,
AOL Time Warner co-chief operating officer and soon-to-be chief
executive, will also deliver a keynote address at the opening ceremony...
"Microsoft will be trying to garner interest for its
next-generation Windows Media platform, code-named 'Corona.'"
Video and audio from conference panels is being streamed
at TVWorldWide.com.
"Welcome
to the far side..."
[FromRAINstoryhere,
RIAA president] Hilary Rosen:
"I find that to be an empty threat. Radio stations, in particular,
would only be in business if they see money in it. There's no reason
that artists and record
companies should offer their product for this business unless they
see money in it as well. Now should I feel guilty that they won't
have the business they hoped for because we're not willing to give
them product for free? No."
Are we talking about the same record companies that were INDICTED
and CONVICTED during the payola scams? I'm confused.
Are we talking about the same record companies that have been
guilty of PAYING BROADCASTERS to play their "copyrighted sound
recordings?" I'm sorry, I'm still confused and just want to clarify.
Are we talking about the same product that the recording industry
has WILLINGLY given traditional broadcasters "for free"
for decades? Or some other product? I'm still confused.
Welcome to the far side...
Michael Roe RadioIO.com
"This
is not about fair compensation..."
Rarely do we see such a combination of arrogance and ignorance
as Hilary Rosen and the RIAA have shown regarding the webcasting fee
issue [in RAINhere].
Quoting Ms. Rosen from the Network Magazine interview:"Now
should I feel guilty that they won't have the business they hoped
for because we're not willing to give them product for free?"
EARTH TO HILARY: Advertisers pay good money to ply their wares
on radio, and are slowly but surely recognizing the amazing potential
of radio on the Internet. Record companies are ALREADY getting a double
bonus, because they
pay NOTHING for the airplay that helps them sell their product.
Ms. Rosen further states:"The people who have spent money
and invested the means to create the music are entitled to a return
on their investment."
And the people who have spent money and invested the means
to create webcasting businesses are entitled to a return on theirs.
If the recording industry didn't think they were getting a HUGE return
on their investment by simply agreeing to accept the FREE ON AIR PROMOTION
of their product, this issue would have been taken up with terrestrials
years ago.
This is not about fair compensation for artists and record
companies. This is about the recording industry seeking to monopolize
control of music distribution on the Internet. Everybody should be
contacting their representatives in Washington and demanding that
they not stand for this attempted assault on our freedom to conduct
business.
I applaud Bill Rose and Arbitron's initiative to save Internet
radio [reported in RAINhere].
A moratorium will give the industry time to develop a viable
business model. Without a moratorium there is no doubt, as
Bill points out, the scope and diversity of Internet radio will be
significantly decreased. I don't believe the public, webcasters or
the music industry wants that to happen.
Look at the current state of commercial radio. Its tight formats
greatly restrict the selection of music we all get to hear.
For example, the Grammy winner this year for Album of the
Year, "O Brother, Where Art Thou?" isn't even played on Country music
stations! We need a wide variety of webcasters or we will slip into
the same situation with strict playlists and limited creativity.
Webcasters are not saying that artists should not be compensated.
But we are saying that we need time and their cooperation. Once webcasting
is firmly established, I believe, there will be a wide variety of
opportunities for artists to be compensated that go way beyond licensing
fees.
The music industry is going through a major change. The RIAA
and musicians need to realize that the changeover to a new model will
require a team effort. The way the RIAA is talking you'd think the
webcasters are generating billions in revenue with huge profit margins.
Nothing could be further from the truth.
My final point is this. Webcasters play artists that are not
now and will never be played on traditional broadcast stations. There
are hundreds of independent labels and tens of thousands of indie
artists that have gotten more airplay and exposure on the Internet
in the last three years then they have gotten for the last 25 years
on formatted broadcast stations. I don't think we want to lose that.
Richard Fusco Global New Media Consultation
"CARP
process is inherently flawed..."
At least one assertion contained in the Copyright Office release
published in the RAIN newsletter (here)
is patently untrue: "Webcasters, broadcasters, and copyright owners
are well represented in this proceeding...."
Only one entity representing noncommercial educational broadcasters,
the National Religious Broadcasters Music License
Committee (NRBMLC), participated for the entirety of the CARP proceedings.
NPR initially filed notices to participate on its own behalf and on
behalf of noncommercial public radio stations qualified for funding
from CPB, but later reached a private settlement with the RIAA and
withdrew from arbitration.
The CARP report directly notes the difficulty in determining
fair royalty rates for retransmissions by non-CPB noncommercial educational
broadcasters as a result of the sparse participation in the arbitration
process by such services: "Unfortunately, determination of the willing
buyer/willing seller fees for non-CPB affiliated, noncommercial radio
stations (‘non-CPB broadcasters’) presents an extraordinary challenge.
Despite admonitions to all counsel from the Panel as early as September
7, 2001 (well prior to the rebuttal phase), the record remains virtually
barren respecting such broadcasters. See Tr. 9009-13. The record tells
little about those non-CPB broadcasters that are represented by the
NRBMLC, and virtually nothing about those that are not." [U.S. Copyright
Office, CARP Report at pp. 89-90 (February 2002)]
The CARP report itself therefore acknowledges that the panel
was not able to live up to the Copyright Office claim that the process
"consider[ed] legal argument from all parties...."
The CARP process is inherently flawed because it excludes
small voices that are not well capitalized. Yes, the Copyright Office
followed the law, but that law is poorly constructed.
Joel Willer
KXUL/University of Louisiana at Monroe